Sun Awareness Week
Fun in The Sun? A Guide to Sun Safety
Hello again, Ted Sturgeon here, offering some crucial information for sun enthusiasts to stay safe during and after Sun Awareness Week.
Personally, I have an affinity for rain, snow, fog, and hail—weather conditions often lamented by those in the UK. I believe rain is unfairly maligned. However, for those who relish basking in the sun, the following guidance may be invaluable. As summer approaches, it might be tempting to rush to the deckchairs, barbecues, or beaches. Nevertheless, sun exposure carries significant health risks that should not be ignored.
Why Is the Sun So Dangerous?
Let's begin with some statistics from the British Association of Dermatologists:
- More than 1 in 3 (35%) Britons experienced sunburn in the UK in 2016/2017.
- Of these, 28% were sunburnt three or more times.
- 46% of Britons vacationing abroad were sunburnt in 2016/2017.
- 43% fail to reapply sunscreen frequently.
- 30% fail to reapply sunscreen after swimming.
Sunburn is essentially a radiation burn caused by non-ionising radiation (such as near ultraviolet, visible light, microwaves, and radio waves), which damages the skin. Unlike ionising radiation (x-rays, gamma rays), non-ionising radiation does not deeply penetrate the dermis but still poses a risk of skin and eye damage.
Non-ionising radiation refers to any electromagnetic radiation that lacks sufficient energy to remove an electron from an atom or molecule. All UV light can trigger photochemical reactions akin to ionisation, potentially causing cataracts and burns, and damaging DNA, leading to carcinogenesis (the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells). UV exposure also accelerates skin aging and wrinkling.
Who Is at Risk?
Everyone is at risk of sun damage, but certain groups are more vulnerable. According to the NHS Choices website, individuals with the following traits should exercise greater caution:
- Pale skin
- Freckles or red/fair hair
- A tendency to burn rather than tan
- Numerous moles
- Skin problems related to medical conditions
- Occasional intense sun exposure, such as on holiday
- Living in hot countries with intense sun
- A family history of skin cancer
Moreover, reflective surfaces like snow, sand, concrete, and water can intensify sun exposure, as can high altitudes. It is also important to monitor moles for any changes in color, texture, or appearance and seek medical advice if any changes occur.
How Can We Protect Ourselves?
There are several measures to mitigate sun exposure risks:
- Avoid Peak Sun Hours: In the UK, be cautious between March and October, particularly from 11 am to 3 pm. Seek shade during these times.
- Limit Sun Exposure: Avoid prolonged exposure that could result in sunburn.
- Use Sunscreen: Apply sunscreen with at least SPF 15 for UV-B protection and "UVA" in a circle with at least 4-star protection for UV-A. Reapply regularly and after swimming.
- Cover Up: Wear suitable clothing and sunglasses to protect your skin and eyes.
- Protect Children: Children's skin burns more easily and requires extra care.
Sunscreen Application Habits
Statistics show that people often do not apply enough sunscreen. Adults should use approximately two teaspoons of sunscreen for the head, arms, and neck, and two tablespoons for the entire body when wearing swimwear.
Applying sunscreen too thinly reduces its effectiveness. If concerned, consider using a higher SPF, such as 30 instead of 15. For adequate protection, apply sunscreen twice—half an hour before sun exposure and again just before going out.
Covering up with hats is safest, but if this is not feasible, apply sunscreen to all exposed skin, including the face, neck, ears, and head if hair is thinning or absent. Reapply sunscreen according to the manufacturer’s instructions and after toweling off from water activities, as most sunscreen is removed by toweling.
Summary
To summarize, whether you are an adult or a child, remember these key points when going out in the sun:
- Cover up.
- Use adequate sunscreen on exposed skin and apply the right amount.
- Avoid burning your skin.
- Reapply sunscreen regularly and after drying off.
- Avoid the midday sun.
Or, you can be like me and only venture out in the rain. Whatever your choice, take simple steps to stay safe while enjoying the sunny weather.
